International journal of martial arts

Purpose: This study delves into the significance of Krav Maga training for enhancing self-defense abilities against indiscriminate violence, a societal issue impacting personal safety, and emphasizes its practicality in combination with the Israeli military combat system as a fundamental approach to applying martial arts for self-defense. The study seeks to reevaluate Krav Maga's pivotal role in bolstering self-defense against indiscriminate violence and to identify prospects for its future development. Method: The research method and data collection method to achieve the purpose of this study used electronic literature platform search. Validity as data was verified through triangulation. Results: Krav Maga is a practical and effective self-defense system that originated in Israel, initially developed for military use but later adapted for civilian self-defense. Martial arts for security, military martial arts, and police martial arts programs are presented as a vitalization plan. Conclusion: The revitalization plan for the Krav Maga program against indiscriminate violence can emphasize the importance of a tailored curriculum, certified instructors, scenario-based training, ethical considerations, periodic assessments and interdisciplinary collaborations, and empowers participants self-defense, bodyguards, soldiers and police. Training can be instilled with the aim of ensuring the ability to manage problems effectively in a variety of situations by equipping them with practical self-defense skills, legal awareness and enhanced situational preparedness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the relationship between body and mind through the process of meditation, which is receiving increasing attention in modern times. This study will contribute to the educational utilization of martial arts in meditation by comparing and analyzing the relationship be-tween body and mind, identifying the body and mind as inseparable, and the training of the body as a technical means to improve the mind and personality. This will contribute to the educational utilization of martial arts in meditation. Method: As one of the data collection methods to study social and cultural phenomena, the method of collecting necessary information through existing literature data was selected. This was approached as a qualitative research method that collects data and interprets the meaning of the phenomenon through the intuitive insight of the researcher. Results: There are two types of meditation: static meditation and dynamic meditation. Static meditation is a seated, stationary practice that involves sitting in a certain posture and focusing your consciousness on a single thought, clearing your mind of distractions, and calming your mind. Dynamic meditation is a form of meditation that involves repetition of certain movements, such as walking or practicing martial arts, in which you imagine an area as a sanctuary and walk a certain distance every day without stopping. As you continue to perform physical exercises, the mind becomes increasingly unresponsive to external stimuli and focuses only on mental images. Repetitive physical exercises like this have the effect of meditation. In this way, practicing Taekwondo or the Chinese martial art of kung fu can have a meditative effect. The Taekwondo curriculum are consisted of 1)The trainees must perform repetitive movements through 360 hours of training 2)1 Dan/Poom holders require 240 hours of training, 2 Dan/Poom holders require 480 hours, 3Dan/Poom holders require 720 hours, 4 Dan/Poom holders require 960 hours, 5 Dan holders require 1200 hours, 6 Dan holders require 1440 hours, 7 Dan holders require 1680 hours, and 8 Dan holders require 2060 hours of training in nine years. These required hours are divided into units for repetitive training such as Poomsae, competition, defeat, character, self-defense, taekwondo physical fitness, taekwondo gymnastics, taekwondo demonstration, and core exercises. Conclusion: The study found that repetitive physical exercises make the mind increasingly unresponsive to external stimuli and focus on mental images. This has the effect of meditation, so martial arts training and meditation are closely related.

Purpose: In this study, it is intended to examine how the athlete's perception of referee's judgment affects game stress from the point of view of Taekwondo breaking athletes. Method: The participants in this study were 421 students who were enrolled in a university that had a Taekwondo demonstration team. As for the data collected in the questionnaire in this study, SPSS 27.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics and frequency analysis to confirm the demographic characteristics of the research participants, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of the survey tool. Results: The correlation coefficients between multiple factors were found to be statistically significant, but the correlation coefficients for some factors were not statistically significant. As a result of verifying the reliability of the factors, fairness .934, promptness .905, consistency .917, reliability .919, game stress .901, referee stress .870, which exceed .70, the criteria suggested by Nunnally and Bernstein(1994), and hence, the reliability of the extracted factor may be seen as suitable. Conclusion: First, the correlation coefficient turned out to be statistically significant, but not statistically significant in the game stress factor. Second, as a result of regression analysis on the effect of university Taekwondo breaking athletes' referee decision recognition on game stress, it turned out that there was no statistically significant effect on fairness, promptness, consistency, and reliability. Third, as a result of regression analysis on the effect of referee judgment perception of university Taekwondo breaking athletes on referee stress, it turned out that there was no statistically significant effect on all factors of fairness, promptness, consistency, and reliability.

Purpose: Korean judo and taekwondo are traditional martial arts disciplines with strong track records at the Olympic and World Championships. Korean judo athletes have proven their international competitiveness by winning many medals for their technique and skill, while taekwondo has also won many medals and gained global recognition. South Korea's martial arts disciplines are grounded in tradition and philosophy, and continue to develop and advance through research and investment. Therefore, we wanted to explore the characteristics of martial arts practice through a survey of university student martial arts athlete in South Korea. Method: This study analyzed the general characteristics of the subjects, differences between variables, and cor-relations through frequency analysis, reliability verification, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis, and Simple Linear Regression Analysis of Korean martial arts athletes' questionnaires. , and the influence were explored and analyzed. Results: As a result of analyzing followership, stress, empowerment, and organizational commitment of Korean martial arts athletes, the Judo team had a statistically significantly higher followership in all items than the Taekwondo team, and the Judo team had statistically higher stress and empowerment in certain items than the Taekwondo team. was found to be significantly higher. Martial arts events and training starting point were not related to the leader's followership, and martial arts events and university grades were found to be correlated. As a result of the factor analysis, 1-2 sub-factors of followership, stress, empowerment, and organizational commitment were derived. As a result of the correlation analysis, leader followership was significantly correlated with organizational commitment and empowerment, and stress was significantly correlated with organizational commitment and empowerment. As a result of the simple linear regression analysis, it was found that the leader's followership affects organizational commitment and empowerment, and stress has a partial effect on organizational commitment. Conclusion: Compared to the Taekwondo team, the Korean Judo team showed higher levels of followership in all categories, and in some items, stress and empowerment were also higher, which can be explained by differences in martial arts training methods or leadership styles. Martial arts training starting point were not related to the leader's followership, but were found to be related to the university grade. From these results, it can be seen that martial arts and university grades should be considered when forming a team. In the martial arts training team, the leader's followership has a significant effect on organizational commitment and empowerment, and it can be said that stress is also related to organizational commitment. Therefore, the leader must properly adjust the followership style and consider stress management and organizational commitment.